Nam June Paik, 1994, Living Eggs Grow, courtesy James Cohan Gallery and Art Basel 2017  A BRIEF HISTORY OF MOVING IMAGE ART: PART I In 2021, screens are ubiqitous. We carry devices in our pockets that can capture a moving image in an instant. This is a reality reflected and shared by the art world, where video and digital media are now such vital tools for artists that it can be difficult to recall the early Sixties when such formats were regarded with skepticism.  As moving image art enters a new era of heightened relevance, consistently reflecting our shared experiences, one of the main inspirations for the Dream Commission, so we look back to the humble origins of the medium to see how it has evolved from experimental novelty to a futuristic mainstay of contemporary art.   STAY CONNECTED THE SIXTIES 1965 NAM JUNE PAIK 'THE FATHER OF VIDEO ART'    The famous story goes that the Korean-American artist founded a radical new movement after using his Sony Portapak to shoot footage of Pope Paul VI’s procession through New York which he then screened in a cafe. Paik and his fellow avant-garde artists seized upon new opportunities for documentation as affordable recording equipment entered the market. These devices opened up an enticing, unexplored territory for self-expression which could eloquently challenge mainstream culture. Like photography had done half a century before, video would dramatically change the face of contemporary art.  'Take the best that exists and make it better. When it does not exist, design it'  Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery  1969 TV AS A CREATIVE MEDIUM    The first major exhibition of video art mounted at Howard Wise Gallery in New York was a crucial endorsement of new artistic experiments in technology. Many of the works on show blended different art forms — performance, kinetic, sculpture — with electronics. For instance, Paik and Charlotte Moorman’s ‘TV Bra for Living Sculpture’ featured a live cellist with two screens strapped to her chest while Frank Gillette and Ira Schneider displayed a complex 'television mural' across nine monitors in their ‘Wipe Cycle’. These works would be influential in shaping the perception of moving image art as a cutting-edge, multidisciplinary medium.  Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof  THE SEVENTIES VIDEO AS EMPOWERMENT    By 1969, 95 per cent of American homes contained a television set. Many artists — in particular female, Black, and LGBTQ+ artists — saw video as a powerful tool to question the role of the media which had come to saturate modern life. Dara Birnbaum was one such artist and employed reappropriated clips from popular shows to challenge female stereotypes reinforced by television (‘Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman’, 1978-79). Artist Joan Jonas used glitches in analogue video to make bold political statements about spectatorship and women on camera (‘Vertical Roll’, 1972). Video as activism would also have a major impact on artists of the 1980s, one of the most famous being Isaac Julien, whose seminal film ‘Looking for Langston’ (1989) offered a sumptuous portrait of Black and gay identity.  Isaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Isaac Julien, 1989, Pas de Deux 2, Looking for Langston, Courtesy of Galerie Ron MandosIsaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize, Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris  THE EIGHTIES DIGITAL INSPIRES CREATIVITY    The introduction of digital editing software allowed artists to economically pursue new creative paths in editing on computers. In ‘Why Do Things Get In A Muddle’ (1984), American artist Nam June Paik, 1994, Living Eggs Grow, courtesy James Cohan Gallery and Art Basel 2017  A BRIEF HISTORY OF MOVING IMAGE ART: PART I In 2021, screens are ubiqitous. We carry devices in our pockets that can capture a moving image in an instant. This is a reality reflected and shared by the art world, where video and digital media are now such vital tools for artists that it can be difficult to recall the early Sixties when such formats were regarded with skepticism.  As moving image art enters a new era of heightened relevance, consistently reflecting our shared experiences, one of the main inspirations for the Dream Commission, so we look back to the humble origins of the medium to see how it has evolved from experimental novelty to a futuristic mainstay of contemporary art.   STAY CONNECTED THE SIXTIES 1965 NAM JUNE PAIK 'THE FATHER OF VIDEO ART'    The famous story goes that the Korean-American artist founded a radical new movement after using his Sony Portapak to shoot footage of Pope Paul VI’s procession through New York which he then screened in a cafe. Paik and his fellow avant-garde artists seized upon new opportunities for documentation as affordable recording equipment entered the market. These devices opened up an enticing, unexplored territory for self-expression which could eloquently challenge mainstream culture. Like photography had done half a century before, video would dramatically change the face of contemporary art.  'Take the best that exists and make it better. When it does not exist, design it'  Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery  1969 TV AS A CREATIVE MEDIUM    The first major exhibition of video art mounted at Howard Wise Gallery in New York was a crucial endorsement of new artistic experiments in technology. Many of the works on show blended different art forms — performance, kinetic, sculpture — with electronics. For instance, Paik and Charlotte Moorman’s ‘TV Bra for Living Sculpture’ featured a live cellist with two screens strapped to her chest while Frank Gillette and Ira Schneider displayed a complex 'television mural' across nine monitors in their ‘Wipe Cycle’. These works would be influential in shaping the perception of moving image art as a cutting-edge, multidisciplinary medium.  Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof  THE SEVENTIES VIDEO AS EMPOWERMENT    By 1969, 95 per cent of American homes contained a television set. Many artists — in particular female, Black, and LGBTQ+ artists — saw video as a powerful tool to question the role of the media which had come to saturate modern life. Dara Birnbaum was one such artist and employed reappropriated clips from popular shows to challenge female stereotypes reinforced by television (‘Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman’, 1978-79). Artist Joan Jonas used glitches in analogue video to make bold political statements about spectatorship and women on camera (‘Vertical Roll’, 1972). Video as activism would also have a major impact on artists of the 1980s, one of the most famous being Isaac Julien, whose seminal film ‘Looking for Langston’ (1989) offered a sumptuous portrait of Black and gay identity.  Isaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Isaac Julien, 1989, Pas de Deux 2, Looking for Langston, Courtesy of Galerie Ron MandosIsaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize, Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris  THE EIGHTIES DIGITAL INSPIRES CREATIVITY    The introduction of digital editing software allowed artists to economically pursue new creative paths in editing on computers. In ‘Why Do Things Get In A Muddle’ (1984), American artist Nam June Paik, 1994, Living Eggs Grow, courtesy James Cohan Gallery and Art Basel 2017  A BRIEF HISTORY OF MOVING IMAGE ART: PART I In 2021, screens are ubiqitous. We carry devices in our pockets that can capture a moving image in an instant. This is a reality reflected and shared by the art world, where video and digital media are now such vital tools for artists that it can be difficult to recall the early Sixties when such formats were regarded with skepticism.  As moving image art enters a new era of heightened relevance, consistently reflecting our shared experiences, one of the main inspirations for the Dream Commission, so we look back to the humble origins of the medium to see how it has evolved from experimental novelty to a futuristic mainstay of contemporary art.   STAY CONNECTED THE SIXTIES 1965 NAM JUNE PAIK 'THE FATHER OF VIDEO ART'    The famous story goes that the Korean-American artist founded a radical new movement after using his Sony Portapak to shoot footage of Pope Paul VI’s procession through New York which he then screened in a cafe. Paik and his fellow avant-garde artists seized upon new opportunities for documentation as affordable recording equipment entered the market. These devices opened up an enticing, unexplored territory for self-expression which could eloquently challenge mainstream culture. Like photography had done half a century before, video would dramatically change the face of contemporary art.  'Take the best that exists and make it better. When it does not exist, design it'  Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery  1969 TV AS A CREATIVE MEDIUM    The first major exhibition of video art mounted at Howard Wise Gallery in New York was a crucial endorsement of new artistic experiments in technology. Many of the works on show blended different art forms — performance, kinetic, sculpture — with electronics. For instance, Paik and Charlotte Moorman’s ‘TV Bra for Living Sculpture’ featured a live cellist with two screens strapped to her chest while Frank Gillette and Ira Schneider displayed a complex 'television mural' across nine monitors in their ‘Wipe Cycle’. These works would be influential in shaping the perception of moving image art as a cutting-edge, multidisciplinary medium.  Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof  THE SEVENTIES VIDEO AS EMPOWERMENT    By 1969, 95 per cent of American homes contained a television set. Many artists — in particular female, Black, and LGBTQ+ artists — saw video as a powerful tool to question the role of the media which had come to saturate modern life. Dara Birnbaum was one such artist and employed reappropriated clips from popular shows to challenge female stereotypes reinforced by television (‘Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman’, 1978-79). Artist Joan Jonas used glitches in analogue video to make bold political statements about spectatorship and women on camera (‘Vertical Roll’, 1972). Video as activism would also have a major impact on artists of the 1980s, one of the most famous being Isaac Julien, whose seminal film ‘Looking for Langston’ (1989) offered a sumptuous portrait of Black and gay identity.  Isaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Isaac Julien, 1989, Pas de Deux 2, Looking for Langston, Courtesy of Galerie Ron MandosIsaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize, Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris  THE EIGHTIES DIGITAL INSPIRES CREATIVITY    The introduction of digital editing software allowed artists to economically pursue new creative paths in editing on computers. In ‘Why Do Things Get In A Muddle’ (1984), American artist Nam June Paik, 1994, Living Eggs Grow, courtesy James Cohan Gallery and Art Basel 2017  A BRIEF HISTORY OF MOVING IMAGE ART: PART I In 2021, screens are ubiqitous. We carry devices in our pockets that can capture a moving image in an instant. This is a reality reflected and shared by the art world, where video and digital media are now such vital tools for artists that it can be difficult to recall the early Sixties when such formats were regarded with skepticism.  As moving image art enters a new era of heightened relevance, consistently reflecting our shared experiences, one of the main inspirations for the Dream Commission, so we look back to the humble origins of the medium to see how it has evolved from experimental novelty to a futuristic mainstay of contemporary art.   STAY CONNECTED THE SIXTIES 1965 NAM JUNE PAIK 'THE FATHER OF VIDEO ART'    The famous story goes that the Korean-American artist founded a radical new movement after using his Sony Portapak to shoot footage of Pope Paul VI’s procession through New York which he then screened in a cafe. Paik and his fellow avant-garde artists seized upon new opportunities for documentation as affordable recording equipment entered the market. These devices opened up an enticing, unexplored territory for self-expression which could eloquently challenge mainstream culture. Like photography had done half a century before, video would dramatically change the face of contemporary art.  'Take the best that exists and make it better. When it does not exist, design it'  Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery  1969 TV AS A CREATIVE MEDIUM    The first major exhibition of video art mounted at Howard Wise Gallery in New York was a crucial endorsement of new artistic experiments in technology. Many of the works on show blended different art forms — performance, kinetic, sculpture — with electronics. For instance, Paik and Charlotte Moorman’s ‘TV Bra for Living Sculpture’ featured a live cellist with two screens strapped to her chest while Frank Gillette and Ira Schneider displayed a complex 'television mural' across nine monitors in their ‘Wipe Cycle’. These works would be influential in shaping the perception of moving image art as a cutting-edge, multidisciplinary medium.  Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof  THE SEVENTIES VIDEO AS EMPOWERMENT    By 1969, 95 per cent of American homes contained a television set. Many artists — in particular female, Black, and LGBTQ+ artists — saw video as a powerful tool to question the role of the media which had come to saturate modern life. Dara Birnbaum was one such artist and employed reappropriated clips from popular shows to challenge female stereotypes reinforced by television (‘Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman’, 1978-79). Artist Joan Jonas used glitches in analogue video to make bold political statements about spectatorship and women on camera (‘Vertical Roll’, 1972). Video as activism would also have a major impact on artists of the 1980s, one of the most famous being Isaac Julien, whose seminal film ‘Looking for Langston’ (1989) offered a sumptuous portrait of Black and gay identity.  Isaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Isaac Julien, 1989, Pas de Deux 2, Looking for Langston, Courtesy of Galerie Ron MandosIsaac Julien, 2001, Vagabondia, Turner Prize, Tate Britain London, courtesy Isaac Julien Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris  THE EIGHTIES DIGITAL INSPIRES CREATIVITY    The introduction of digital editing software allowed artists to economically pursue new creative paths in editing on computers. In ‘Why Do Things Get In A Muddle’ (1984), American artist

私たちを動かすもの

ナム・ジュン・パイク、1994年、「Living Eggs Grow」、提供:ジェームス・コーハン・ギャラリーおよびアートバーゼル 2017

ムービングイメージアートの歴史:パート I

2021年、スクリーンはいたるところにあります。私たちはポケットの中に、一瞬で動画を撮影できるデバイスを携帯しています。この現実はアートの世界にも反映され、共有されています。ビデオやデジタルメディアは今やアーティストにとって不可欠なツールであり、こうしたフォーマットが懐疑的に捉えられていた60年代初頭を思い起こすのは難しいかもしれない。

ドリーム・コミッションの主要なインスピレーションのひとつである、私たちが共有する経験を常に反映し、ムービングイメージアートが関連性を高める新しい時代に突入した今、このメディアの謙虚な起源を振り返り、それが実験的新奇性から現代美術の未来的主役へとどのように進化してきたかを見ていきます。

60年代

1965

ナム・ジュン・パイク「ビデオアートの父」

 

韓国系アメリカ人のアーティストであるパイクは、ソニーのポータパックでローマ法王パウロ6世のニューヨークでの行進の映像を撮影し、カフェで上映した後、過激な新しいムーブメントを起こしたという有名な話があります。パイクをはじめとする前衛芸術家たちは、手頃な価格の録画機器が市場に出回るようになると、新たな記録の機会をつかんだのです。これらのデバイスは、自己表現のための魅力的な未踏の領域を切り開き、主流文化に雄弁に語りかけることができたのです。半世紀前に写真がそうであったように、ビデオは現代美術の様相を劇的に変えるでしょう。

「存在する最高のものを使用し、それをさらに改良する。最高のものが存在しない場合は、それを創り上げる」

Nam June Paik, 1994, Pyramid Interactive, courtesy Kukje Gallery

ナム・ジュン・パイク、1994年、「Pyramid Interactive(ピラミッド・インタラクティブ)」、提供:Kukje Gallery

1969

クリエイティブな媒体としてのテレビ

 

ニューヨークのハワード・ワイズ・ギャラリーで開催された最初のビデオアートの大規模なビデオアート展は、テクノロジーにおける新しい芸術的実験の重要な裏付けとなりました。展示された作品の多くは、パフォーマンス、キネティック、彫刻など、さまざまに異なる芸術形態とエレクトロニクスを融合させたものでした。例えば、パイクとシャーロット・ムーアマンの「TV Bra for Living Sculpture(生きている彫刻のためのテレビブラ)」は、2つのスクリーンを胸に装着したチェロ奏者を登場させ、フランク・ジレットとアイラ・シュナイダーの「Wipe Cycle」は9つのモニターに複雑な「テレビ壁画」を映し出しました。これらの作品は、最先端の学際的なメディアとしてのムービングイメージアートの認識を形成する上で、大きな影響力を持つことになりました。

Frank Gillette, Ira Schneider, 1969, Wipe Cycle, Photo ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof

フランク・ジレット、アイラ・シュナイダー、1969年、「Wipe Cycle(ワイプ・サイクル)」、写真:ZKM Center for Art and Media and Franz J. Wamhof

70年代

エンパワーメントとしてのビデオ

 

1969年までに、アメリカの家庭の95パーセントにテレビが普及しました。多くのアーティスト、特に女性、黒人、LGBTQ+のアーティストは、ビデオを強力なツールと見なし、現代の生活に浸透するようになったメディアの役割に疑問を投げかけました。ダラ・バーンバウムはそのようなアーティストの1人であり、テレビによって強化された女性のステレオタイプに挑戦するために、人気番組から再利用されたクリップを採用しました (「Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman」、1978~1979年)。アーティストのジョーン・ジョナスは、アナログ・ビデオのグリッチを利用して、観客のあり方やカメラに映る女性について大胆な政治的発言を行いました(「Vertical Roll」、1972年)。アクティビズムとしてのビデオは、1980年代のアーティストにも大きな影響を与えました。最も有名なアーティストの 1 人はアイザック・ジュリアンで、彼の影響力のある映画「Looking for Langston(ルッキング・フォー・ラングストン)」(1989 年) は、黒人とゲイのアイデンティティの豪華なポートレートを提供しました。

Joan Jonas, 1972, Vertical Roll, © Joan Jonas, Courtesy the artist and Yvon Lambert New York, Paris

ジョーン・ジョナス、1972年、「Vertical Roll」© Joan Jonas、提供:アーティストおよびYvon Lambert New York, Paris

80年代

デジタルが創造性を刺激

 

デジタル編集ソフトの登場により、アーティストはコンピュータ上での編集で新しい創造的な道を経済的に追求することができるようになりました。アメリカのアーティスト、ゲイリー・ヒルは「Why Do Things Get In A Muddle(なぜ物事は中途半端になってしまうのか)」(1984年)で、実験的な編集手法により童話「不思議の国のアリス」を再構築しました。ヒルはシーンを逆向きに録音し、編集過程で再び逆向きにすることで、脚本の中にある混乱と無秩序というテーマを強調したのです。これは、音と画像の操作がムービングイメージのアートワークに重要なアイデアを生み出すことができるという画期的な例となりました。

Gary Hill, 1984, “Why Do Things Get in a Middle” (Come on Petunia), courtesy Gary Hill

ゲイリー・ヒル、1984年「Why Do Things Get In A Muddle(なぜ物事は中途半端になってしまうのか)」(Come on Petunia)提供:ゲイリー・ヒル

90年代

デジタルの台頭

 

画期的な時代の到来により、新しい世代のアーティストが登場。新しいデジタル・プロセスにより、新しいイメージ構築への道が開かれたのです。

アーティストがコンピュータに映像をダウンロードし、見つけたデジタル画像やCGでイメージを操作することが初めて可能になったのです。コーリー・アーカンジェルは、彼のビデオインスタレーション「Super Mario Clouds(スーパーマリオの雲)」(2002年)では、任天堂の人気ゲーム「スーパーマリオブラザーズ」をハッキングし、空と雲を除くすべての視覚要素と音声要素を削除し、抽象化と所有権の概念を弄ぶ催眠的デジタルアニメーションを作成しました。また、アーカンジェルは、芸術的媒体としてのインターネットの使用を開拓した新世代のアーティストの一人であり、この革新は、1990年代以降のムービングイメージアートに最も重要な影響を与えることになりました。

コーリー・アーカンジェル、2002年、「Super Mario Clouds(スーパーマリオの雲)」、提供:コーリー・アーカンジェル

パート II は近日公開

旅を続ける

「偉大さを呼び起こす」をもっと深く掘り下げてみませんか。

ロールス・ロイスのアート・プログラム「ミューズ」が、高い評価を受けているメディア・アーティスト、レフィック・アナドル氏のオリジナル作品「Art of Perfection: Data Painting」をご紹介します。

Art of Perfection

ロールス・ロイスのアート・プログラム「ミューズ」が、高い評価を受けているメディア・アーティスト、レフィック・アナドル氏のオリジナル作品「Art of Perfection: Data Painting」をご紹介します。

アルゴリズミック・ビューティーからマルチセンシリー・インスタレーションまで、夢の国へ誘うような没入感を体験してください。

2021: Looking Ahead to a Year of Moving Image Art

アルゴリズミック・ビューティーからマルチセンシリー・インスタレーションまで、夢の国へ誘うような没入感を体験してください。

多くのおとぎ話のように、没入型アートの世界は想像を超えるものです。観る者を舞台の中央に配し、五感を刺激することで、遥か彼方の世界に生命が吹き込まれます。

Art in 360

多くのおとぎ話のように、没入型アートの世界は想像を超えるものです。観る者を舞台の中央に配し、五感を刺激することで、遥か彼方の世界に生命が吹き込まれます。